Kamis, 24 Desember 2009

EMBRAER ERJ-145 Amazon Regional Airliner






Pesawat bermesin turboprop semakin tidak populer dengan penumpang. EMBRAER dari Brazil adalah salah satu dari perusahaan pertama yang mengembangkan pesawat bermesin turbofan. EMBRAER memaksimalkan komonalitas (suku cadang yang dapat dipakai secara bersama dengan pesawat lain) untuk meminimalkan biaya perawatan dan produksi. EMB-145 yang kemudian diberikode ulang menjadi ERJ-145 (kode untuk jet regional EMBRAER) sebenarnya menggunakan sayap-lurus milik EMB-120 dan bodi pesawatnya perupakan versi yang diperpanjang dari AMB-120.

Model terbaru dari pesawat ini menggunakan “sayap tertekuk ke belakang” yang menggunakan airfoil superkritis yang memungkinkan peningkatan performansi. Mesinnya juga dipindah dari yang tadinya di atas sayap menjadi di bawah sayap dan akhirnya dipindah permanen ke ekor pesawat.

Pengiriman ERJ-145 ke maskapai penerabangan dimulai pada 1996 ke Brazil, Eropa, Australia dan AS. Desain ini juga sukses dalam versi yang lebih pendek ERJ-135 dan ERJ-140. Model militer juga akhirnya dibuat. Keberhasilan ERJ-145 semakin memperkuat EMBRAER sebagai salah satu perusahaan yang dominan untuk jenis jet regional.

HISTORY:
First Flight: (ERJ-145) 11 August 1995
Service Entry: 6 August 1997 (with Continental Express)
CREW: two: pilot, co-pilot

PASSENGERS: 50 in one class
ESTIMATED COST: unknown

AIRFOIL SECTIONS:
Wing Root: unknown supercritical
Wing Tip: unknown supercritical

DIMENSIONS:
Length: 97.91 ft (29.87 m)
Wingspan: (ERJ-145) 65.75 ft (20.04 m); (ERJ-145XR) 68.90 ft (21.00 m)
Height: 22.17 ft (6.75 m)
Wing Area: 550 ft2 (51.18 m2)
Canard Area: not applicable

WEIGHTS:
Empty: (ERJ-145) 25,540 lb (11,585 kg); (ERJ-145LR) 26,705 lb (12,115 kg); (ERJ-145XR) 27,760 lb (12,590 kg)
Normal Takeoff: unknown
Max Takeoff: (ERJ-145) 42,330 lb (19,200 kg); (ERJ-145ER) 45,415 lb (20,600 kg); (ERJ-145LR) 48,500 lb (22,000 kg); (ERJ-145XR) 53,130 lb (24,100 kg)
Fuel Capacity: (ERJ-145ER) 9,200 lb (4,175 kg); (ERJ-145LR) 11,320 lb (5,135 kg); ERJ-145XR) 13,165 lb (5,975 kg)
Max Payload: (ERJ-145) 12,160 lb (5,515 kg); (ERJ-145LR) 12,755 lb (5,785 kg); (ERJ-145XR) 13,025 lb (5,910 kg)

PROPULSION:
Powerplant: (ERJ-145) two Allison AE 3007A turbofans; (ERJ-145ER) two Allison AE 3007A turbofans; (ERJ-145LR) two Allison AE 3007A1 turbofans
Thrust: (ERJ-145) 14,080 lb (62.64 kN)

PERFORMANCE:
Max Level Speed: at altitude: 520 mph (835 km/h) at 35,000 ft (10,670 m), Mach 0.78; at sea level: unknown
cruise speed: (ERJ-145ER) 480 mph (770 km/h)
long-range cruise speed: 415 mph (665 km/h)
Initial Climb Rate: (ERJ-145) 2,560 ft (780 m) / min; (ERJ-145ER) 2,150 ft (655 m) / min
Service Ceiling: 37,000 ft (11,280 m)
Cruise Altitude: 32,000 ft (9,755 m)
Range: (ERJ-145) 800 nm (1,480 km); (ERJ-145ER) 1,330 nm (2,465 km); (ERJ-145LR) 1,600 nm (2,965 km); (ERJ-145XR) 2,000 nm (3,705 km)
g-Limits: unknown

KNOWN VARIANTS:
EMB-145 or ERJ-145: First production model carrying 50 passengers
ERJ-145ER: Extended range version of the ERJ-145 with increased maximum takeoff weight
ERJ-145LR: Long range model of the ERJ-145 with uprated engines for improved climb performance
ERJ-145XR: Very long range model of the ERJ-145
ERJ-135: Shortened derivative of the ERJ-145 seating 37 passengers
ERJ-140: Shortened derivative of the ERJ-145 seating 44 passengers
ERJ-145: AEW&C Military airborne early warning and control platform derived from the ERJ-145 and fitted with a large multimode active phased-array Doppler radar mission system mounted atop the fuselage as well as an onboard command & control and advanced data-link suite
ERJ-145SA: Military aerial surveillance model similar to the AEW&C version but optimized for monitoring air traffic and general surveillance missions
ERJ-145RS/AGS Military remote sensing reconnaissance and surveillance model based on the ERJ-145 but equipped with advanced sensors including a synthetic aperture radar, electro-optical and multi-spectral sensors, or communications and electronic intelligence systems
ERJ-145MPA: Maritime patrol variant of the EMB-145 equipped with scanning and early warning radars

KNOWN OPERATORS:
Civil Air Caraibes
Air France
Air Moldova
Alitalia Express
American Eagle
Axon Airlines
British Midland
British Regional Airlines
Brymon Airways
China Eastern Airlines
Cirrus Airlines
Continental Express
Crossair
Delta Connection
ExpressJet
FinnComm Airlines
Flight West
Jet Magic
KLM Exel
LOT Polish
Luxair
Manx
Mesa Air
National Jet Services
PGA Portugália Airlines
Proteus Airlines and Regional Airlines
Regional Airlines France
Republic (Chautauqua)
Rheintalflug
Rio Sul Linhas Aéreas
Satena
Sichuan Airlines
Skyways
Swiss International Air Lines
TransBrazil
Trans States Airlines
US Airways

Government/Military:
Brazil, Força Aérea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force)
Greece, Elliniki Polimiki Aeroporia (Hellenic Air Force)
Mexico, Fuerza Aérea Mexicana (Mexican Air Force)




Diterjemahkan secara bebas dari: www.fas.org

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