Apakah anda tau apakah itu sniper ??? Sniper adalah ahli menembak yang telah mendapat pelatihan khusus untuk menembak target dari posisi yang tersembunyi atau dari jarak jauh melebihi kempampuan personil biasa.Sniper biasanya dilatih khusus dalam penguasaan senapan berketelitian tinggi atau high-precision rifles yang lebih dikenal dengan sniper rifles.
untuk menjadi marksmanship seorang sniper militer juga mendapatkan pelatihan di bidang kamuflase,penguasaan medan,penyusupan,pengintaian,dan juga observasi, Sniper sangat efektif jika disebarkan di daerah perkotaan atau perang perkotaan dan juga di daerah hutan atau perang hutan.
Asala Kata Sniper :
Istilah ini muncul pada tahun 1770-an, pada prajurit-prajurit Kolonial Inggris di India, dari kata snipe, yaitu sejenis burung yang sangat sulit untuk didekati dan ditembak. Mereka-mereka yang mahir memburu burung ini diberi julukan "sniper"
sedangkan pada masa perang saudara di amerika serikat kata yang paling sering digunakan untuk menyebut sniper adalah "Skirmisher.
Fungsi dan Misi Sniper :
Pada umumnya fungsi utama sniper adalah untuk memberikan pengintaian yang mendetail dari posisi yang tersembunyi dan jika perlu mengurangi kekuatan bertempur lawan dengan menyerang target bernilai tinggi (terutama perwira,komunikasi,serta personil lainnya) dan juga untuk menjepit serta mengacaukan musuh.
Misi-misi sniper meliputi pengintaian,pengamatan,penanda target serangan udara,counter-sniper,membunuh komandan musuh,memilih target,bahkan menggancurkan peralatan militer, untuk hal yang satu ini dibutuhkan peluru berkaliber besar seperti .50BMG yaitu peluru berukuran 12.7x99mm, seperti senjata jenis Barrett M82, McMillan Tac-50, dan Denel NTW-20
Jarak Jangkauan dan Keakuratan Sniper :
Jarak terjauh yang tercatat untuk sniper kill adalah 2,475 meter yang dicetak oleh CoH Craig Harrison seorang sniper dari Household Cavalry of the British Army. hal ini terjadi di selatan Musa Qala di Provinsi Helmand. Ia menembak 2 oarang machine gunners Taliban menggunakan senapan L115A3 Long Range Rifle dengan catridge .338 Lapua Magnum
kunci dari seoran sniper adalah keakurasian dari senjata atau dari orang itu sendiri. seorang sniper harus bisa menga senjatanya agar tetap stabil ,serta sorang sniper harus bisa mengira-ngira secara akurat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi tembakanya seperti kecepatan angin, arah angin, ketinggian,jarak target,ketinggian target serta tempat menembak.
Jarak serta keakuratan sniper ditentukan oleh catridges yang digunakan, berikut ini tabel catridge dan jarak yang dapat ditempuh :
Cartridge | Maximum effective range[31] |
---|---|
5.56x45mm NATO | 300-500 m |
7.62x51mm (.308 Winchester) | 800-1,000 m |
7.62x54mmR | 800-1,000 m |
7 mm Remington Magnum | 900-1,100 m |
.300 Winchester Magnum | 900-1,200 m |
.338 Lapua Magnum | 1,300-1,600 m |
.50 BMG (12.7x99mm NATO) | 1,500-2,000 m |
12.7x108mm (Russian) | 1,500-2,000 m |
14.5x114mm (Russian) | 1,900-2,300 m |
Beberapa Jenis Sniper Rifles :
Accuracy International AW | |
---|---|
Type | Sniper rifle |
Place of origin | United Kingdom |
Service history | |
In service | 1982 (L96A1), 1988 (AW), 1990 (psg90) present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | Iraq War, Afghanistan War |
Production history | |
Designed | 1982 (PM), 1983 (AW) |
Manufacturer | Accuracy International |
Produced | 1982–present |
Specifications | |
Weight | 6.5 kg (14.3 lb) |
Length | 1,180 mm (46.5 in) |
Barrel length | 660 mm (26.0 in) |
| |
Cartridge | 7.62×51 mm NATO .300 Winchester Magnum .338 Lapua Magnum |
Action | Bolt-action |
Muzzle velocity | 850 m/s (2,790 ft/s) |
Effective range | 800 m (870 yd) |
Feed system | 10-round detachable box magazine |
Sights | detachable aperture type iron sights day or night optics |
APR | |
---|---|
APR338 | |
Type | Sniper rifle |
Place of origin | Switzerland |
Service history | |
Used by | See Users |
Production history | |
Designer | Brügger & Thomet |
Designed | APR308: 2003 APR338: 2007 |
Manufacturer | Brügger & Thomet |
Produced | APR308: 2005–present APR338: 2008–present |
Variants | APR308P, APR308S, APR338 |
Specifications | |
Weight | APR308: 7.01 kg (15.45 lb) APR308P: 6.8 kg (15 lb) APR308S, APR338: 8.2 kg (18 lb) |
Length | APR308: 1,139 mm (44.8 in) stock extended / 906 mm (35.7 in) APR308P: 1,028 mm (40.5 in) stock extended / 795 mm (31.3 in) stock folded APR308S: 1,211 mm (47.7 in) stock extended / 978 mm (38.5 in) stock folded APR338: 1,236 mm (48.7 in) stock extended / 1,002 mm (39.4 in) stock folded |
Barrel length | APR308: 610 mm (24.0 in) APR308P: 500 mm (19.7 in) APR308S: 400 mm (15.7 in) APR338: 690 mm (27.2 in) |
Width | APR308, APR308P, APR308S: 50 mm (2.0 in) stock extended / 86 mm (3.4 in) stock folded APR338: 50 mm (2.0 in) stock extended / 90 mm (3.5 in) stock folded |
| |
Cartridge | APR308, APR308P, APR308S: 7.62x51mm NATO/.308 Winchester APR338: .338 Lapua Magnum |
Action | Bolt-action, manually operated |
Effective range | APR308: 1,000 m (1,094 yd) APR308P: 600 m (656 yd) APR308S: 150 m (164 yd) APR338: 1,300+ m (1,422+ yd) |
Feed system | 10-round detachable box magazine |
Sights | Emergency flip-up iron sights, day or night optics |
Dragunov SVD | |
---|---|
Current production SVD with synthetic furniture. | |
Type | Sniper rifle |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
Service history | |
In service | 1963–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | Vietnam War,[1] Soviet war in Afghanistan, Iraq War, Yugoslav Wars, First and Second Chechen Wars, 2008 South Ossetia War |
Production history | |
Designer | Yevgeny Dragunov |
Designed | 1958–1963 |
Manufacturer | Izhmash, Norinco, Zastava Arms |
Produced | 1963–present[2] |
Variants | See Variants |
Specifications | |
Weight | 4.30 kg (9.48 lb) (with scope and unloaded magazine)[2] 4.68 kg (10.3 lb) (SVDS) 4.40 kg (9.7 lb) (SVU) 5.02 kg (11.1 lb) (SWD-M) |
Length | 1,225 mm (48.2 in) (SVD)[2] 1,135 mm (44.7 in) stock extended / 815 mm (32.1 in) stock folded (SVDS) 900 mm (35.4 in) (SVU) 1,125 mm (44.3 in) (SWD-M) |
Barrel length | 610 mm (24.0 in) (SVD, SWD-M)[2] 565 mm (22.2 in) (SVDS) 600 mm (23.6 in) (SVU) |
| |
Cartridge | 7.62x54mmR[2] |
Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt |
Muzzle velocity | 830 m/s (2,723 ft/s) (SVD, SVDS, SWD-M) 800 m/s (2,624.7 ft/s) (SVU) |
Effective range | 800 m |
Maximum range | 1,300 m with scope 1,200 m with iron sights |
Feed system | 10-round detachable box magazine[2] |
Sights | PSO-1 telescopic sight and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight |
M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System | |
---|---|
The M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System | |
Type | Sniper rifle |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 2008–present |
Wars | War in Afghanistan, War in Iraq |
Production history | |
Manufacturer | Knight's Armament Company |
Specifications | |
Weight | 6.94 kg (15.3 lb) with scope, bipod, and a loaded 20-round magazine |
Length | 1,029 mm (40.5 in) (buttstock fully compressed), 1,181 mm (46.5 in) (buttstock fully compressed and suppressor attached) |
Barrel length | 508 mm (20 in) |
| |
Cartridge | 7.62x51mm NATO |
Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt |
Rate of fire | Semi-automatic |
Muzzle velocity | 783 m/s (~2,571 ft/s) with 175gr. M118LR |
Effective range | 1,000 m |
Feed system | 10 or 20-round detachable box magazine |
United States Navy Mk12 Special Purpose Rifle | |
---|---|
An SPR | |
Type | Sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 2002–present |
Wars | Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom |
Specifications | |
Weight | 10 lb (4.5 kg). (Fully loaded, w/heavy barrel, optic & 30 rounds) |
Length | 37.5 Inches |
Barrel length | 18 Inches |
| |
Cartridge | 5.56x45mm NATO |
Action | Gas-operated, Rotating bolt |
Rate of fire | Semi-automatic |
Muzzle velocity | 3,050 ft/s (930 m/s) |
Effective range | 600 yards (550 m) |
Feed system | 20- or 30-round STANAG Magazine |
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